抓住弱視(shì)的(de)“病根”

　　If we want to understand the true $γcause of amblyopia and the most effect↕↑''ive treatment then it is±®↕‌ essential to understand♦  the concept of binocular  ₹competition. What does that me∞₹an? To explain it in a simple and π§  illustrative way, allow me to u♣↓<se another analogy. Imagine th←₹at the two eyes are twin brothers₹'& and their mother is in the visual <•→∏cortex of the brain.

　　要(yào)了(le)解引起弱視(shì)的(de)真正原因，并找到♠ ✘¥(dào)最有(yǒu)效的(de)治療方法，就(j$Ω±πiù)必須先了(le)解雙眼競争這(zhè)個(<€∑gè)概念。雙眼競争是(shì)什(shén)麽意§δ↓思呢(ne)?為(wèi)了(le)簡單、形象地(dì)解釋®♣∞↑雙眼競争，我用(yòng)一(yī)個(gè)類比，方便大(dà)家(> ∑>jiā)理(lǐ)解。将兩隻眼睛，想象成雙胞胎兄弟(dì)，他(tā)們<±§¶的(de)媽(mā)媽(mā)，在大(dà)腦(nǎo)視(shì)覺'φ"皮層。

　　16. Mother and twins representing tβ∞×he brain and two eyes.

　　The brothers both wa₩¶±nt to talk to their m♠πother. In a normal and well-funct∑σioning visual system, th•↓ere is good communication §®between the three; someti®∏↕mes one brother will speak while the®&★ other listens, and vice®" versa. When the broth↓​♥er work in this coordinate£®d manner the mother has the e&φ£asiest time receiving the informa₹ $σtion.

　　兄弟(dì)二人(rén)都(dōu)∏γ想和(hé)媽(mā)媽(mā)說(shuō)話σλε(huà)。視(shì)覺系統功能(néng)正常運行(xíng)時(shíα•)，三者之間(jiān)溝通(tōng)良♦©€好(hǎo);當哥(gē)哥(gē)跟媽(mā)媽(mā)說(shuō)☆ →©話(huà)時(shí)，弟(dì)弟(dì)在一(yī)旁聽(t¶±®≥īng)，就(jiù)這(zhè)樣輪流‌ "¥和(hé)媽(mā)媽(mā)說(shuōδβ₹)話(huà)。當兄弟(dì)兩人(rén)相(xiàng)互∑ ‌配合時(shí)，媽(mā)媽(mā)很(hěn)容易接收到(dà™✘o)所有(yǒu)信息。

　　Let’s see how the normal process of ★★φbinocular competition gets distor' ±ted, thus producing an ambl ✘$₽yopic eye. When the process gets distor ☆ted, the better seeing eye will™≥¥ behave like a bully and the amblyopic✘£ eye as the less assertive‌  ® brother. Whenever the less as‌ ↔sertive brother wants to talk t≈‍♦o mom, the bully will cover the less a↔✘ssertive brother’s mouth preventing h ♠♥βim from speaking to her.

　　然而，雙眼競争，擾亂了(le)運行(xíng)良好∑☆→(hǎo)的(de)視(shì)覺系統，因此導緻弱視(shì)眼☆∞©×。當視(shì)覺處理(lǐ)的(de)進程被擾亂後，較好(hǎo)的(de)π>↔σ那(nà)隻眼，就(jiù)像惡霸哥(gē)哥(gē)，弱視™'φ(shì)眼就(jiù)像是(shì)弱小(xiǎo)的(dπ₹♦e)弟(dì)弟(dì)。每當弱小(xiǎo)的(de)弟↑£ (dì)弟(dì)想和(hé)媽(mā)媽(mā)說(shu¶&γ‌ō)話(huà)時(shí)，霸道(dàoγ∏γ★)哥(gē)哥(gē)就(jiù)會(huì)阻止弱小(✘©xiǎo)弟(dì)弟(dì)和(hé)媽(mā)媽(mā)說(shuō±₽)話(huà)。

　　17. The bully represents the ≤φgood eye and the less  →assertive brother repres★βents the amblyopic eye.

　　Over time the less assertiv↓>e brother gets less and less assertive÷£₹, so that eventually he loses ↑&the desire and ability to speak t✘↑∏o the mother. After a wh←♠∞↓ile, the only one doing π¥ the talking is the bully. Thiσ s process of abnormal bi✔±πnocular competition or♠‍ γ bullying is called active s®₽uppression.

　　随著(zhe)時(shí)間(jiān)的(de)推移，弱小(xβ↕εiǎo)的(de)弟(dì)弟(dì)就(jiù)越來(lái)×&✔越弱，最終他(tā)再不(bù)願意和(hé)媽(m↓&ā)媽(mā)說(shuō)話(huà)，甚至失去(qù)了(le)和(h‍×é)媽(mā)媽(mā)說(shuō)話(huà)的(de)能(nén→÷g)力。經過一(yī)段時(shí)間(jiān)後，就(jiù)隻有(‌&$yǒu)霸道(dào)哥(gē)哥(gē)和(hé)媽(mā)媽(m ♣≤εā)說(shuō)話(huà)了(le)。♥∞§這(zhè)種非正常的(de)雙眼競争過程，我們稱為(w®±±èi)主動抑制(zhì)。

　　18. The “amblyopic eye” loses the ‌‍¥desire to speak to the mother.δ¥

　　During treatment, if you ​γwant the less assertive bδ‌λrother to be able to communicate★π∑← with mom, first you must p↔§<§ut the bully in a different room so th<★at the bully cannot cover his broβ>₩$ther’s mouth he tries ¶₩to speak.

　　在治療過程中，為(wèi)了(le)讓弱小(xiǎ‌δo)的(de)弟(dì)弟(dì)和(hé)媽(mā)媽(mā)溝€π通(tōng)交流，首先要(yào)把霸道(dào)哥(gē)哥(&<gē)關在另一(yī)個(gè)房(fáng)間(jiān)裡(l×φ♦γǐ)，這(zhè)樣霸道(dào)哥(gē)哥♣ φ(gē)就(jiù)阻止不(bù)了(le)弟(dì)弟(dì> ₹$)和(hé)媽(mā)媽(mā)說(shuō)話(huà)。

　　19. The “bully” being sent to a ¶↕<different room to reduce the bino₹¥σcular competition.

　　This is effectively what ✔↔↕happens when you put♣÷ an eye patch on the g♥♥♣ood eye. What happens α'↑when the bully re-ent≠&$₹ers the room (i.e., when we remove thΩπe patch)? The bully will make₹₹σ use of its

　　strength and superiority and will o☆♦&©nce again cover the mouth of∞ ↔  his brother! This is why only pat​↕$βching is not the most effective tre★£∑atment, and the gains mad<‌¶&e during patching are lost aft∏§er the patch is removed.

　　眼罩遮蓋好(hǎo)眼是(shì)有(yǒuε©→)效的(de)。當霸道(dào)哥(gē)哥(gē)回到(dào)房(fáng↑×")間(jiān)後(即不(bù)遮蓋的(de)時(shí)候)，會(‌♠≥εhuì)出現(xiàn)什(shén)麽情況呢(ne→¶↓)?霸道(dào)哥(gē)哥(gē)會(huì)再次欺負弱↓¶♦小(xiǎo)的(de)弟(dì)弟(dì)!所以停止遮蓋後，之前遮蓋σ>取得(de)的(de)治療效果也(yě)會(h>$uì)消失。所以說(shuō)單純遮蓋，不(bù)是(shì)最有☆ ©ε(yǒu)效的(de)治療方法。