抓住弱視(shì)的(de)“病根”

　　If we want to understand the÷©γ☆ true cause of amblyopia and✔∞δ the most effective treatment ♦↕then it is essential to undeπ≠rstand the concept of binoγ$cular competition. What does thaγ✔t mean? To explain it in a simple an γ‍φd illustrative way, allow me to use♦♦ another analogy. Imagine β₽that the two eyes are twin brφ∏others and their mother is¥★♦ in the visual cortex of the brain.&€

　　要(yào)了(le)解引起弱視(shì)的(de)真正原因，并找≈σφ♦到(dào)最有(yǒu)效的(de)治療ε↑σ方法，就(jiù)必須先了(le)解雙眼競争這(zhè)個±εα±(gè)概念。雙眼競争是(shì)什(shén)麽意思呢(ne)?為(wèiδ✘↑)了(le)簡單、形象地(dì)解釋雙眼競争，我用(yòng)一("☆‌yī)個(gè)類比，方便大(dà)家(jiā)理(lǐ)解↕×∏‍。将兩隻眼睛，想象成雙胞胎兄弟(dì)，他(tā)們的(d₽≠e)媽(mā)媽(mā)，在大(dà)腦(nǎ$↔λo)視(shì)覺皮層。

　　16. Mother and twins repre™↓senting the brain an ∞Ωd two eyes.

　　The brothers both want™§< to talk to their mother. In a norm↕≤δ©al and well-functioning•  visual system, there is goo ​±d communication between®♠ the three; sometimes on♠‍‌e brother will speak while the other li™∏☆<stens, and vice vers​×±∏a. When the brother work in this>← coordinated manner the m♠×∏ other has the easiest time receiving th±≠e information.

　　兄弟(dì)二人(rén)都(dōu)想和(hé☆∏)媽(mā)媽(mā)說(shuō)話(huà)。視(shì)覺系統功能₩∑"(néng)正常運行(xíng)時(shí)，三者之間(jiān)溝通(tōn‌¶¶g)良好(hǎo);當哥(gē)哥(gē)跟媽(mā)媽(mεσā)說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)，弟(dì)弟(dì)在一(y☆"€ī)旁聽(tīng)，就(jiù)這(zhè)樣輪流和(hé)媽(mā)媽(m&σαā)說(shuō)話(huà)。當兄弟(dì)兩人(rén)相(xiσ§×Ωàng)互配合時(shí)，媽(mā)媽(mā)很(hěn)容易接€✔→♣收到(dào)所有(yǒu)信息。

　　Let’s see how the normal proc↑↔≈λess of binocular competit™ ion gets distorted, thus prod☆ ‍ucing an amblyopic eye. When the proc☆πσαess gets distorted, the better seein§×Ωg eye will behave like a φδ✘bully and the amblyopic €€©αeye as the less assertive ≥ brother. Whenever the less asse÷£∞rtive brother wants to talk to₽φ¥ mom, the bully will cover the less ass§≥ε←ertive brother’s mouth preven↑≠ting him from speaking to her.

　　然而，雙眼競争，擾亂了(le)運行(xíng¥​β)良好(hǎo)的(de)視(shì)覺系統，因此導緻弱視(sh ¶αδì)眼。當視(shì)覺處理(lǐ)的(de)進程被擾亂後，較" 好(hǎo)的(de)那(nà)隻眼，就(jiù)像惡霸哥(gē)哥(gē)★¥↔>，弱視(shì)眼就(jiù)像是(shì)弱小(xiǎo)的(de)弟(dì♠₩γ)弟(dì)。每當弱小(xiǎo)的(de)弟(dì)弟(dì)想和(≈ "hé)媽(mā)媽(mā)說(shuō)話(huà)時(sh↕± ®í)，霸道(dào)哥(gē)哥(gē)就★↕ ↕(jiù)會(huì)阻止弱小(xiǎo)弟(dì)弟(dì)和( Ωhé)媽(mā)媽(mā)說(shuō)話(huà)。

　　17. The bully represents theα$‌π good eye and the less assertive bro♥₩ther represents the amblyopic eye.

　　Over time the less assertive brother £↕♠↑gets less and less asser∏→&πtive, so that eventually he loses×♥ the desire and ability to speak to δγthe mother. After a whi$&σ≈le, the only one doing the talking☆✘ is the bully. This procβ ess of abnormal binocular competitio€≥n or bullying is called active sup♣₩pression.

　　随著(zhe)時(shí)間(jiān)的(de)推移，弱小(xiǎo✔< )的(de)弟(dì)弟(dì)就(jiù)越來(lái)越弱，最終他(♦☆ ↓tā)再不(bù)願意和(hé)媽(mā)媽(mā)說(shuō)話≈£(huà)，甚至失去(qù)了(le)和(hé)媽(mā)媽(mā)說(s★♦★huō)話(huà)的(de)能(néng)力。經過一(yī)段時(ε©÷shí)間(jiān)後，就(jiù)隻有(yǒ↓​∞u)霸道(dào)哥(gē)哥(gē)和(hé)媽(mā)媽(mā)δ→÷≠說(shuō)話(huà)了(le)。這(zhè)種非正常的(de)雙眼競争≈₩©過程，我們稱為(wèi)主動抑制(zhì)。

　　18. The “amblyopic eye”"≤ loses the desire to speak to the m♣↕‌other.

　　During treatment, if you want the les∑±εs assertive brother to be able to c&≠•ommunicate with mom, first you mus≠✔♣t put the bully in a differen✘★t room so that the bully cannot cover h←ππis brother’s mouth he >♠÷εtries to speak.

　　在治療過程中，為(wèi)了(le)讓弱小(xiǎo)的(→σde)弟(dì)弟(dì)和(hé)媽(mā)媽(<αmā)溝通(tōng)交流，首先要(yào)把≠★☆•霸道(dào)哥(gē)哥(gē)關在另一(yī)個(gè)房(fáng)間•∑‌(jiān)裡(lǐ)，這(zhè)樣霸道(dào)哥(gēε€)哥(gē)就(jiù)阻止不(bù)了(le)弟(dì)弟(dì)↕δ‍和(hé)媽(mā)媽(mā)說(shu→∞β≠ō)話(huà)。

　　19. The “bully” bein"↕₩&g sent to a different r>☆α✔oom to reduce the binocular comp Ωetition.

　　This is effectively w→σhat happens when you put an eye patch ×∑$δon the good eye. What happens whe‌♠•n the bully re-enters the rooλ↔m (i.e., when we remov✘≥★&e the patch)? The bully w↔π§<ill make use of its

　　strength and superiority and will o£≈nce again cover the mouth of his brot ♣her! This is why only patching ©​is not the most effective treδ♦≤atment, and the gains made d÷≥βuring patching are lost afterαβ the patch is removed.

　　眼罩遮蓋好(hǎo)眼是(shì)有(yǒu)效的(de)。λε當霸道(dào)哥(gē)哥(gē)回到(dà✔≤>∑o)房(fáng)間(jiān)後(即不(bù)遮蓋的(de)時(γ∏βshí)候)，會(huì)出現(xiàn)什(shén)麽情π​₩↔況呢(ne)?霸道(dào)哥(gē)哥(gē)會(huì)§₹∑∑再次欺負弱小(xiǎo)的(de)弟(dì)弟(dδ'ì)!所以停止遮蓋後，之前遮蓋取得(de)的(de)治療效果也(yě)≈∑會(huì)消失。所以說(shuō)單純遮蓋，不(bù)是(shì)最有¥☆∞→(yǒu)效的(de)治療方法。